According to the Copyright Act 2021, photocopying and reproducing from books, journals, periodicals, etc constitute infringements of copyright unless the acts fall within valid exceptions.

Exception to copyright infringement is provided under "fair use" where a certain amount of copying is permissible for research or study, criticism or review; educational uses by non-profit educational institutions; or uses for computational data analysis and machine learning. 

In general, fair use means:

1. Not more than 10% of the number of pages, if the work has at least 10 pages and is not divided into chapters;
2. Not more than a single chapter, if the work has at least 10 pages and is divided into chapters;
3. Not more than one article in the same issue of a periodical publication, unless the articles relate to the same subject matter; or
4. Not more than 10% of the total number of bytes, if the work is in an electronic medium and has no pages. 
 


Views: FAQ Views: 1919
FAQ Actions

Related FAQs

    Topics

    Ask Us

    NTU Ask A Librarian

    Can't find the answer in our FAQs? Write in to us below. 

    If you’d like to request for unavailable materials, please see this guide and follow the instructions there.

    If you are asking about e-resource access, see here first.

    Please attach screenshots (especially for e-resource access issues) or any other files that will be very helpful to answer your enquiry.

    Fields marked with * are required.
    By submitting this form, I hereby acknowledge that I have read and understood the NTU Privacy Statement (“Statement”), and consent that Nanyang Technological University can collect, use and disclose all the personal data provided by me in accordance with the Statement and/or Personal Data Protection Act